In Inner Mongolia, Erdos is undoubtedly the most eye-catching city. With the development of coal resources, Erdos has experienced rapid development for decades. It has emerged as the landmark of Inner Mongolia and even China. Once it was “rich in the world,†and the scenery was infinite.
In 2012, the coal production exceeded 600 million tons. Erdos is undoubtedly the coal capital of China. However, after experiencing a housing market stagnation and a decline in coal prices, the former miracle of development was put under the spotlight by public opinion and researchers. However, for Ordos, whether it extends the coal industry chain or the non-coal industry, coal is both the basis and the weight. It is just like the inexpensive question: "What can we rely on without relying on coal?"
Ordos, which is characterized by a resource-based economy, will give an inspiration to the transitional China. During the 2013 National Two Conferences, the reporter interviewed the mayor of Erdos City in Beijing.
Can't sleep on resources
Economic Observer: In recent years, Ordos has been seeking to change the "one coal alone" industrial structure, and strive to extend the industrial chain, what is the status of development today?
In the past few years, from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Party Committee government to the municipal party committee and municipal government, the general idea is that both Ordos and Inner Mongolia must rely on resources and cannot rely on resources because the dependence on coal will not last long and it will not be sustainable. Laying on resources, I feel sleepy. The Autonomous Party Congress and the People's Congress also emphasized that the proposed direction of “traditional industry, new industry, and diversified pillar industries†is centered on the efficient and clean use of coal. , Ordos has generally planned three industrial chains:
The first is coal-fired electricity, which built Ordos as a clean energy export base. Now the coal is shipped out, mainly through roads, and the cost is too high. Moreover, the coal-based energy consumption structure has also caused more and more problems in the eastern coastal areas. Large environmental pressure. An important factor in Beijing's hazy weather is coal-fired coal. If coal is converted to electricity, it will probably be greatly eased if it is transported from Inner Mongolia. Our next step is to pass U.S. , To convert as much coal as possible into electricity, and the country also attaches great importance to this work.
The second industrial chain is coal chemical industry and downstream deep processing. Including coal oil, coal gas, coal to olefins, coal to ethylene glycol, several major national demonstration projects are now in Ordos, Shenhua's coal oil project, Yitai The coal-to-oil projects have all been put into production. Other places have not yet. Now it can be said that the most advanced coal chemical technology and equipment are in Ordos.
The third industrial chain is coal-fired aluminum, the Zhungeer coalfield in the east of Ordos. The coal contains about 10% alumina, and the fly ash after power generation contains 45% alumina. The utilization value is very high. Fly ash can be used. Extraction of alumina, aluminum oxide and electrolytic aluminum, and then engaged in deep processing of aluminum, is an industrial chain. The comprehensive recycling of resources, but also in line with the state's industrial policy.
Economic Observer: However, coal chemical industry is a high water consumption industry, Erdos itself is a water-short region, how to resolve this contradiction?
Good luck: The layout design of the coal chemical industry is of course based on the situation of water resources. Of course, no water does not do this. On the whole, these projects can still be supported by water resources. Now, every year, Ordos has Yellow River. The water use index is 700 million cubic meters, and there are water rights replacements being implemented. At present, there are no major problems with the use of existing surface water resources.
Of course, the new coal chemical projects must also strictly save water and reduce water consumption by improving the technological level. The coal-to-oil project of Shenhua Group now uses about 7 tons of fuel per ton of water. The period and the third phase of the project can be reduced to less than 5 tons. Through the improvement of technology level, the consumption of resources and energy is also reduced. Now, the new coal chemical projects in Ordos, coal oil and coal gas, are The world’s highest level of technical equipment. Therefore, overall, according to the layout of water resources, there will not be much problem.
No coal resources, why do people come?
Economic Observer: You just mentioned "Pillar Industry Diversification". How to achieve diversification in building a non-coal industry?
Slimline: The introduction of non-resourced industries and the promotion of diversification of pillar industries are mainly in five aspects. The first is the automobile, the equipment manufacturing industry base that takes the automobile as the leader, and the addition of coal machine manufacturing and chemical machine manufacturing, including Chery, A group of automobile manufacturers such as Huatai, recently Geely will also enter, and the overall development momentum is not bad. Chery Automobile has already gone offline, and this year's production may reach 100,000. Geely will reach 150,000 in the early stages, if it goes well, It can be up to 500,000 in 2017.
The second is the electronic information and cloud computing industry. Now, Foxconn has also entered Ordos, together with the original BOE’s LED display and ZTE’s cloud computing, all of which are under construction. Foxconn’s first step is to engage precision instruments and automobiles. Aluminum parts, the next step, but also launched the electronic display, has now begun to build a factory, and very fast, for the first half of the trial began.
The third is chlor-alkali chemical, which is also PVC building materials. About 3 million tons are under construction or completed, and it may reach more than 5 million.
The fourth is the clothing industry represented by cashmere sweaters. This is Ordos's traditional advantageous industry and our brand. We are working hard to improve our technology.
Then there is the ceramics industry, which is also in its infancy. The kaolin resources in Zhungeer and Dalate Banner are also abundant.
Economic Observer: After introducing so many industries, do you think that a preliminary industrial system has been formed?
Cheaper: If it is compared with ten years ago, of course, the progress is very big, but according to the perfect industrial system, there must be a process. In addition to several industries of coal, coupled with non-coal industry, probably focused on creating In seven or eight industries, these industries have been built up after three or five years and can only be said to have initially established an industrial system. Now it is a good foundation, with good momentum and good prospects. It should be said that becoming an emerging industrial city, Ordos is Great hope.
Economic Observer: The outside world has been questioning whether the introduction of non-coal industries in Ordos uses coal resources for exchanges and pays a great price. What do you think?
Good luck: We must adjust the economic structure and develop new modern industries. What do you think we can rely on? Inner Mongolia is a landlocked region. It cannot be as good as coastal areas. It has advantages in all aspects. Our advantage is resources. Relying on resources for technology and changing industries. I think Inner Mongolia has formulated such a policy, which is realistic and effective. Chery, Foxconn, and BOE have all come together. You said there is no coal resource. Why did people come here?
Of course, for the allocation of resources, our policies have also been gradually improving. You mentioned just now that resources are now allocated less easily than what the outside world says. Whoever wants to get resources will be able to get on. The amount of investment that must be made and the extent to which the project has progressed before it can start the process of configuring resources.
Economic Observer: From the beginning of last year, the price of coal is very sluggish. The outside world also has a lot of worries about the economy of Erdos. What do you think about the fundamentals of the Erdos economy?
Cheap elements: The decline in coal prices is influential. But on the whole, the production of coal in Ordos is normal. Last year, the production of more than 600 million tons of coal had little effect.
In the absence of a national economy, Ordos is dominated by energy raw materials. Of course, it is difficult for them to stand alone. However, I think there is no such seriousness as described by outsiders. Last year, Ordos’ GDP still increased by 13%, and the industrial added value increased by 15%. General budget revenue increased by more than 8%, and there was no major turmoil in general.
There are actually more than 200,000 people in Kangbashi
Economic Observer: For a long time, there have been many doubts about the construction of the Kangbashi New District. As the new urban district of Erdos, how was the decision made at that time?
Good luck: I know that many people are very concerned about this. This is the case. Since the development of the western region at the beginning of this century, the Ordos economy has been growing at a rate of 10 to 20 percent, and industrialization is rapidly advancing. To pull the urbanization, this is accompanied by.
In the past, Dongsheng was only a small, 20-square-kilometer county town that could not afford such rapid development. The municipal government and the municipal government plan to build a new urban district. Why did you choose Kangbashi? Because the geographical conditions of Dongsheng are not very good. It belongs to the hilly and gully area. The construction cost is very high, and the water resources are insufficient. It can not support the large-scale expansion of the city. In addition, Dongsheng District is also surrounded by coal resources. To expand a new city, it is necessary to overburden resources, and the cost is also high.
In the end, the municipal government is building a new urban area in this part of Kangbashi. The advantage of this option is that the area is relatively flat, and the surrounding water resources are in good condition. The town of Aleteng Xige in Yijinhuoluoqi is supporting it. , Traffic, also belongs to the hub of the highway, and close to the airport. This decision is suitable for the actual situation at that time.
Economic Observer: For a long time, the concept of “ghost town†has spread widely. There have been many criticisms of the construction scale of the Kangbashi New District. How do you see this criticism?
As for urban construction, I think that infrastructure construction needs a process. The improvement of its function requires a process. Population aggregation also needs a process.
The Kangbu District has been built since 2004. It has only been eight years and it is still under construction. It is impossible to gather a large number of people all at once. It should be said that our planning and construction are ahead of others. In recent years, With the gradual improvement of our urban functions and the gradual support of infrastructure, especially more than 20 schools and three hospitals have been built one after another, several major cultural projects have also been built, heating conditions have gradually improved, and population gathering has accelerated markedly.
At present, there are already 70,000 permanent resident populations and more than 30,000 floating population in the Kangbashi New District. Moreover, it is fully integrated with the town of Aleteng, and with the population there, it is actually a population of more than 200,000. The next step, with the improvement of functions and several major industries, population concentration will also accelerate.
In addition, to seek truth from facts, the Chinese concept of the city must also change. It does not mean that the more urban population is the better, the more crowded the better, and the more traffic congestion is better. There are many cities in Europe, and the Kangbashi New District is very similar, the people are not Too much, very quiet, the environment is very suitable for living.
Economic Observer: In the past few years, private loans in Ordos have been relatively prosperous, claiming ten people and nine loans. There have been some major cases in succession in these two years, such as the Shi Xiaohong case, the Su Ye women case, etc. What does this bring to the local financial system? Impact?
Good luck: I think that the law of economic development is like this. Private lending and economic development are closely linked. With rapid economic development, we need money. Economic development is rapid, and people are rich. Private lending is naturally active.
In recent years, Erdos has enjoyed relatively rapid economic development, and has attracted more investment. It has greater capital requirements. Now, Ordos' financial loans account for roughly 60% of GDP. This indicator is twice the national average. This is It is difficult to meet the development needs of formal finance.
In addition, the economy has developed over the past few years. People have money in their hands and cannot spend them all. They must find investment channels. Most of these investments are concentrated in real estate, coal mines, and infrastructure construction. Real estate investment is the most important. This is objective. Needs, but also an objective reality. Well, in 2011, after the national real estate regulation, financial policies will also follow the regulation, the market is in a downturn, and house sales are affected, that a lot of money will accumulate in real estate.
Economic Observer: Some people who have given loans have suffered some losses?
Moderator: Yes, there are indeed certain problems in private lending, high interest rates, high risks, and non-standard. Once there is a change in the economic situation, problems will arise. There are also some cases of illegal fund-raising and fund-raising fraud. , is being processed and resolved in an orderly manner. Including the Su Ye female case you mentioned, it has also been dealt with, and the community has responded well.
I would like to tell you a figure. This year, the non-performing loan ratio of banks in Ordos is only 1.2%. Under this current situation, this figure is not high. For the real estate market, the government is also actively trying to solve the problem, including the organization of employee group purchases. A reasonable balance between each other. Last year, Ordos's real estate sales area was 4.8 million square meters, and a large number of people were released. The people have already withdrawn a batch of funds, and the rest are gradually digesting and resolving these problems in the past two years. We have done a lot of work. In terms of overall control, it should be said that there is not much problem.
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